Axens's HCoal process is also a twostage process (two catalytic reactors). Generally, the ICL process produces highcetane diesel and lowoctane naptha; the DCL process produces onspec diesel and highoctane naptha. (Headwaters points out the hybrid DCL/ICL process can produce premium gasoline and diesel fuel with minimal refining.)
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The rerun HCoal atmospheric still bottoms (Hcoal gas oil) were used to evaluate the relative hydrogenation activity of three UOP commercial catalysts. The UOPDCB catalyst, which was found to have the highest hydrogenation activity, was employed in the HCoal gas oil hydrotreating process more » variable studies.
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Specifically, Dow is testing the liquids produced from four coal liquefaction processes (COED, SRC, Synthoil, and HCoal) in standard petrochemical processing experiments and is evaluating these results to select one process for further study, based on process design, quality of chemicals produced, and overall plant economics.
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article{osti_, title = {Upgrading of coal liquids. Monthly technical progress report for September 1977}, author = {Tan, G. and deRosset, A. J.}, abstractNote = {Secondstage hydrocracking, aimed at 100 percent conversion of low nitrogen HCoal liquid to naphtha, was concluded with studies at 500 psig above base pressure. An attempt to hydrocrack rerun HCoal atmospheric bottoms to ...
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Pulverized coal is mixed with recycle slurry oil to form a coaloil slurry. This slurry is passed through a heater into the lower part of the reactor. H is added, and the oil and H pass up through a bed of catalyst or activated Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ at sufficient velocity to maintain an ebullated bed of catalyst or inert solids.
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reaction of coal at high pressures and temperatures with hydrogen (H2) in the presence of solvents and catalysts, yielding synthetic crude oil that can be refined into liquid fuels. onsidering the great extent and distribution of domestic coal reserves in the United States
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HCoal Syncrude product streams, prepared from Illinois No. 6, Wyodak, or West Kentucky No. 11 coal were obtained from the HCoal Process Development Unit (PDU) and analyzed for physical properties, elemental compositions, trace metal levels, and molecular composition.
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HCoal Processes. In the HCoal process, pulverized coal is slurried with recycled oil and, along with hydrogen, fed into an ebullatedbed reactor, a feature that distinguishes this process from others. Reactor conditions are normally in the range of 825 to 875°F and 2,500 to 3,500 psig. The reactor contains a bed of catalytic particles ...
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The present data reveal that coalderived distillates generated by the Hcoal process are highly carcinogenic to mouse skin. An extreme form of neurotoxicity associated with dermal exposure to one of the lighter, minimally carcinogenic, materials was noted.
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This document contains the final results of an investigation to determine the suitability of the COED, HCOAL, SYNTHOIL, and SRC II syncrudes as petrochemical feedstocks. Based on the results of laboratory investigations, conversions of the liquid products to petrochemical feedstocks per ton of coal fed to each liquefaction process was % ...
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Abstract. A large coalliquefaction pilot plant is in operation at Catlettsburg, Kentucky, expanding on the HCoal technology. The pilot plant operated very successfully during 1981, confirming research yield data on eastern bituminous coal, demonstrating operability of the process, and resulting in a significant accumulation of engineering data.
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This report presents the results of a technical and economic evaluation of the HCoal process and the coaltomethanol process for the production of liquid fuels from coal. Evaluations are based on capital cost estimates, in mid1982 dollars, for commercial size, selfcontained plants with a nominal liquid product capacity of 50,000 fuel oil ...
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More than 60 coal hydrogenationliquefaction processes are reviewed with respect to various process variables. These variables include temperature, pressure, residence time, catalyst type and percent, raw materials, liquid to coal ratio in the feed, percent product yield, space rate utilization, plant capacity, and references.
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The HCoal process, developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Incorporated (HRI), involves the direct catalytic hydroliquefaction of coal to lowsulfur boiler fuel or synthetic crude oil. The HCoal ebullated bed reactor contains at least four discrete components: gas, liquid, catalyst, and unconverted coal and ash.
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The HCoal Process The HCoal process liquifies coal to either boiler fuel or synthetic crude in the presence of an added particulate catalyst. To produce synthetic crude instead of boiler fuel, more hydrogen is added to the slurry and reactor residence times are increased. It was developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI) and was selected ...
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The HCoal process generated coal derived liquids in which exposures to polynuclear aromatics (PNA) were a hazard at most phases. Other hazards were coal dust, fire, noise, aromatic amines, ammonia (), hydrogensulfide (), phenols, benzene (71432), toluene (108883), xylene (), and hydrocarbons. ...
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The main gas components produced in the process of coal oxidation and spontaneous combustion include CO, CO 2, CH 4, C 2 H 4, C 2 H 6, and C 2 H 2. Among them, coal reacts with oxygen at ordinary temperatures to produce CO, CO 2, and CH 4 as well as including coal analysis. In the part of the index gas detection experiment, the aforementioned ...
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The HCoal process (Fig. ) includes a cobaltmolybdenum (CoMo) based catalyst in the first stage that is typically used in petroleum refining, and the reactor is an ebullatedbed reactor that keeps the slurry continually moving. Because the CoMo catalyst deactivated due to sintering, metal deposition, and carbon deposition, the catalyst ...
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The Hcoal process of Hydrocarbon Research was developed in a 200 t/d plant in Catlettsburg (Kentucky). The main partners participating in this project were the DOE and Ashland Oil together with other energy com panies. Hydrogenation is conducted under relatively mild reaction condi tions of 455 and 210 bar with a cobalt/molybdenum catalyst.
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The Energy Environmental Research Center (EERC) conducted a laboratoryscale coalderived graphene (CDG) project focused on developing a technological process for making graphene from four domestic coal or coal wastes, including lignite from North Dakota, subbituminous coal from Wyoming, bituminous coal from Utah, and anthracite from Pennsylvania.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the applicability of commercial UOP hydrotreating and reforming processes to naphthas derived from the HCoal process. Three naphthas were studied. One was the primary naphtha generated from the HCoal syncrude operation. The other two products were from hydrocracking HCoal gas oil.
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The rerun HCoal atmospheric still bottoms (Hcoal gas oil) were used to evaluate the relative hydrogenation activity of three UOP commercial catalysts. The UOPDCB catalyst, which was found to have the highest hydrogenation activity, was employed in the HCoal gas oil hydrotreating process more » variable studies.
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Considering these important advantages, plasma gasification process can suitably be applied to produce the syngas from coal. During such a plasma coal gasification process, CO and H 2 can be obtained after gas cleaning which is really the ultimate goal of this particular paper. Here, the coal loaded into the plasma gasification unit is gasified ...
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A process is disclosed for converting coal and other hydrocarbonaceous materials into useful and valuable liquid products. The process comprises: feeding coal and/or other hydrocarbonaceous mater with a hydrogencontaining gas into an ebullated catalyst bed reactor; passing the reaction product from the reactor to a hot separator where the ...
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The coal direct chemical looping (CDCL) process, illustrated in Fig. 14, is capable of converting coal into hydrogen and/or electricity at any relative proportions. 137,138,156,173 In the CDCL process, composite Fe 2 O 3 particles are introduced into the reducer to react with pulverized coal. The reducer is a twostage moving bed reactor, which ...
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Characterization of coal liquids derived from the Hcoal process. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information () Holmes, ; Woodward, ; Sturm, G ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829![HCoal process. [Kentucky] (Journal Article) |](/zilh7o1/444.jpg)
The HCoal process is a development of Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI). It converts coal by catalytic hydrogenation to substitutes for petroleum ranging from a low sulfur fuel oil to an all distillate synthetic crude, the latter representing a potential source of raw material for the petrochemical industry. The process is a related application ...
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• The Hcoal process differs from other processes in that the coaloil slurry comes in direct contact with a catalyst in the reactor. • Five major steps are involved In the H Coal process:
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Synthoil, HCoal, and Exxon donor solvent processes. Final report Feb 77Aug 78}, author = {Parker, C L and Dykstra, D I}, abstractNote = {This volume is an environmental characterization of three selected coal liquefaction systems: Synthoil, HCoal, and Exxon Donor Solvent. It documents and evaluates existing environmentally significant data.
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HCoal Syncrude product streams, prepared from Illinois No. 6, Wyodak, or West Kentucky No. 11 coal were obtained from the HCoal Process Development Unit (PDU) and analyzed for physical properties, elemental compositions, trace metal levels, and molecular composition. The trace metal levels are generally low in all except the heavy fuel oils.
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